Immunity, an affirmative defense to tort claims against governmental entities, is generally identified as being one of three types: sovereign, qualified, or absolute.
Read the full storyDuring the collective bargaining process, when parties fail to reach agreements about the terms and conditions of employment, either side can typically make it known that they have reached an impasse, signaling that they are unable to resolve their differences on their own.
Read the full storyInclusion refers to the practice whereby students with disabilities are enrolled in general education classes and receive any needed special education services within that setting.
Read the full storyWhen Congress enacted the Education for All Handicapped Children Act in 1975, federal policy prohibited educational officials from making arbitrary decisions that often excluded students with disabilities from schools.
Read the full storyThe 1977 case of Ingraham v. Wright is mostly cited for its ruling on the applicability of the Eighth Amendment’s Cruel and Unusual Punishment Clause to corporal punishment in public schools.
Read the full storyParents send their child to school to spend the day in the company of educators. This simple everyday act removes their children from the physical control of their parents.
Read the full storyAt issue in In re Gault (1967) was the constitutionality of juvenile court proceedings.
Read the full storyIntellectual property includes literary or artistic works, inventions, business methods, industrial processes, logos, and product designs.
Read the full storyInternet content filtering uses software programs, available since the mid-1990s, that filter or restrict the amount and/or type of content that users have access to when surfing the Internet.
Read the full storyAn interrogatory is a method of discovery that is used to gather or obtain facts and information that may be relevant to a pending suit.
Read the full storyIn Irving Independent School District v. Tatro (1984), the U.S. Supreme Court addressed the question of whether the related services provision of the Education of the Handicapped Act of 1975. . .
Read the full storyAt issue in Jackson v. Birmingham Board of Education was whether a private person—in this instance, an athletic coach who was removed from his position when he complained about sexual discrimination against a girls’ team—could file suit under Title IX
Read the full storyThe Jacob K. Javits Gifted and Talented Students Education Act of 1988 is the federal education act for gifted and talented education.
Read the full storyJacobson v. Commonwealth of Massachusetts (1905) is a classic case dealing with the public health and welfare, as one citizen unsuccessfully protested government-required vaccinations.
Read the full storyThomas Jefferson was born on April 13, 1743, in what is now Albemarle County, Virginia, and died at Monticello, Virginia, on July 4, 1826. Jefferson is best known as the author of the Declaration of Independence and as the third president of the United States.
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