In May 1954, the U.S. Supreme Court, in Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, ushered in an era that would end the rights of states to mandate the separation of the races in public education.
Read the full storyBased on precedent from the U.S. Supreme Court, dual systems of public education were those that operated separate and distinct schools for students who were White and children who were African American or other minorities such as Mexican American.
Read the full storyOver the past four decades, numerous federal policy initiatives and judicial decisions have emerged to address the education of students with limited English language skills.
Read the full storyThe Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution declares that no state may “deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.”
Read the full storyThere has always been a fundamental tension between public school students and educational authorities in determining the parameters of acceptable student behavior.
Read the full storySexual harassment is unwelcome conduct of a sexual nature, prohibited by Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, as it applies to employees, and Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972, as it applies to students.
Read the full storyResponding to a long history in which their people have been at best ignored and at worst suffered discrimination, Mexican American citizens have formed numerous civil rights organizations, typically in cities, to work to improve the conditions facing them.
Read the full storyAll demographers have noted that the United States is clearly experiencing a high growth in students who are English language learners (ELLs).
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