Bilingual Education

Several educational programs exist within public school systems to address the instructional needs of students who do not speak English.

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Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser

In Bethel School District No. 403 v. Fraser (1986), the Supreme Court held that school officials did not violate a high school student’s free speech and due process rights when he was disciplined for making a lewd and vulgar speech at a school assembly.

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Beilan v. Board of Public Education

In Beilan v. Board of Public Education (1958), the U.S. Supreme Court was faced with the issue of whether a teacher’s dismissal for incompetence...

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Behavioral Intervention Plan

The behavioral intervention plan (BIP) is related to the requirements of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).

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Baker v. Owen

Who has more authority in deciding how a child will be disciplined at school, especially when a parent’s belief in how his or her child is to be disciplined is at odds with a school’s disciplinary practices?

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Authority Theory

Authority is a ubiquitous term, used commonly to refer to those who can command obedience and have decision-making power, either as individuals or as officials acting on behalf of agencies.

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Attorney Fees

Attorney fees are an incidental, generally necessary, but usually expensive cost of litigation, unless attorneys agree to provide representation voluntarily.

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Assistive Technology

Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (2005), assistive technology (AT) is any device or item, purchased off the shelf or customized...

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Civil Assault and Battery

Assault and battery are closely related intentional torts that are distinguished from one another by the presence or absence of physical contact.

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Arlington Central School District Board of Education v. Murphy

Arlington Central School District Board of Education v. Murphy (2006) is the U.S. Supreme Court’s first opinion construing a controversial provision of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).

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Arbitration

Arbitration refers to the process whereby parties involved in collective bargaining disputes agree to be legally bound by the decision of neutral...

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Antiharassment Policies

Historically, many school administrators and teachers perceived peer harassment as normal adolescent behavior that did not pose any substantial threat to student safety.

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Ansonia Board of Education v. Philbrook

As part of a broad federal attack on discrimination in the workplace, Congress outlawed religious discrimination in employment in Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

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Americans with Disabilities Act

The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act, and the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act...

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Ambach v. Norwick

In Ambach v. Norwick (1979), the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that a New York statute that forbade the granting of permanent teaching certification...

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